Es un proceso económico, tecnológico, social y cultural a gran escala, que consiste en la creciente comunicación e interdependencia entre los distintos países del mundo unificando sus mercados, sociedades y culturas, a través de una serie de transformaciones sociales, económicas y políticas que les dan un carácter global. La globalización es a menudo identificada como un proceso dinámico producido principalmente por las sociedades que viven bajo el capitalismo democrático o la democracia liberal y que han abierto sus puertas a la revolución informática, plegando a un nivel considerable de liberalización y democratización en su cultura política, en su ordenamiento jurídico y económico nacional, y en sus relaciones internacionales.
DIFERENCIA ENTRE INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN, MUNDIALIZACIÓN Y GLOBALIZACIÓN:
Habría que distinguir el concepto de globalización de otros conceptos afines: internacionalización y mundialización .
Internacionalización es el proceso por el cual diversos Estados-Nación se relacionan entre ellos. En este sentido, la globalización exige una internacionalización más intensa porque los Estados-Nación tendrían que apoyarse más entre sí frente a ciertos agentes globales nocivos.
La mundialización se corresponde con el liberalismo. Este tuvo su origen en el colonialismo y se basa en economía del libre mercado, pero los estados conservan su fuerza y la economía. Mundialización es el proceso por el cual los ciudadanos del mundo comparten una determinada experiencia, un determinado bien o un determinado valor. Pero es evidente que la globalización no ha llegado a todos los ciudadanos del mundo. Existen áreas geográficas que han sufrido pasivamente la globalización porque han quedado desconectados de las redes de comunicación, de los movimientos de capital, de los destinos de las inversiones empresariales.
La globalización tuvo su origen en el neoliberalismo y propugna que los estados no intervengan en la economía ni en los mercados ya que estos se regulan por si mismos, en consecuencia los estados pierden poder. La economía parece ser llevada por un a mano invisible que es la que regula el mercado y hay un libre cambio de mercancías y capitales desapareciendo las fronteras, pero sin que ello suponga movimiento de personas.
El concepto quizás más común de globalización económica seguramente es el hecho de que en los últimos años ha aumentado rápidamente la parte de las relaciones económicas entre personas de distintos países. Este incremento de las actividades económicas transfronterizas asume distintas formas:
· Comercio Internacional: Se consagra a las importaciones de otros países una proporción creciente del gasto en bienes y servicios, y una proporción creciente de la producción de los países se vende al extranjero en calidad de exportación.
· Inversión Extranjera Directa: Las empresas constituidas en un país invierten cada vez más en el establecimiento y funcionamiento en otros países. Hoy en día, esta es la forma más cuantiosa de transferencias de capitales privados hacia los países en desarrollo.
· Corrientes de los mercados de Capital : En muchos países, los ahorristas diversifican cada vez más sus carteras para incluir activos financieros extranjeros (bonos , capitales y préstamos en el exterior) y los prestatarios, también en grado creciente, recurren a fuentes de fondos externas, además de las internas .
Globalization is an economic, technological, social and cultural scale, which is the increased communication and interdependence among countries of the world uniting their markets, societies and cultures, through a series of social, economic and political that give a global character. Globalization is often identified as a dynamic process mainly caused by the societies that live under democratic capitalism or liberal democracy and who have opened their doors to the information revolution, folding to a considerable degree of liberalization and democratization of its political culture, in its legal system and national economic and international relations.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNATIONALIZATION, GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION:
Should distinguish the concept of globalization from other related concepts: the internationalization and globalization.
Internationalization is the process by which different nation states relate to each other. In this sense, globalization requires a stronger internationalization because nation-states would have to rely more with each other against certain harmful global players.
Globalization is consistent with liberalism. This had its origins in colonialism and is based on free market economy, but states retain their strength and economy. Globalization is the process by which citizens of the world share a certain experience, a good or a certain value. But it is clear that globalization has not reached all world citizens. There are geographical areas that have been passively globalization because they have been cut off from communication networks, movements of capital, the destiny of business investment.
Globalization had its origins in neo-liberalism and advocates that states do not intervene in the economy or the markets as these are regulated by themselves, and therefore the states would lose power. The economy seems to be led by an invisible hand that regulates the market and there is a free exchange of goods and capital disappearing borders, but without involving movement of people.
Perhaps the most common concept of economic globalization is surely the fact that in recent years has increased rapidly the economic relations between people from different countries. This increase in cross-border economic activities takes various forms:
· Commerce International, is devoted to imports from other countries an increasing share of spending on goods and services and an increasing proportion of the country production is sold abroad as exports.
Foreign Direct Inversion: Companies incorporated in a country increasingly investing in the establishment and operation in other countries. Today, this is the most substantial transfer of private capital to developing countries.
° Current Capital markets: In many countries, savers increasingly diversifying their portfolios to include foreign financial assets (bonds, capital and foreign loans) and borrowers, also in an increasing degree, by sources of external funds as well as internal
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNATIONALIZATION, GLOBALIZATION AND GLOBALIZATION:
Should distinguish the concept of globalization from other related concepts: the internationalization and globalization.
Internationalization is the process by which different nation states relate to each other. In this sense, globalization requires a stronger internationalization because nation-states would have to rely more with each other against certain harmful global players.
Globalization is consistent with liberalism. This had its origins in colonialism and is based on free market economy, but states retain their strength and economy. Globalization is the process by which citizens of the world share a certain experience, a good or a certain value. But it is clear that globalization has not reached all world citizens. There are geographical areas that have been passively globalization because they have been cut off from communication networks, movements of capital, the destiny of business investment.
Globalization had its origins in neo-liberalism and advocates that states do not intervene in the economy or the markets as these are regulated by themselves, and therefore the states would lose power. The economy seems to be led by an invisible hand that regulates the market and there is a free exchange of goods and capital disappearing borders, but without involving movement of people.
Perhaps the most common concept of economic globalization is surely the fact that in recent years has increased rapidly the economic relations between people from different countries. This increase in cross-border economic activities takes various forms:
· Commerce International, is devoted to imports from other countries an increasing share of spending on goods and services and an increasing proportion of the country production is sold abroad as exports.
Foreign Direct Inversion: Companies incorporated in a country increasingly investing in the establishment and operation in other countries. Today, this is the most substantial transfer of private capital to developing countries.
° Current Capital markets: In many countries, savers increasingly diversifying their portfolios to include foreign financial assets (bonds, capital and foreign loans) and borrowers, also in an increasing degree, by sources of external funds as well as internal
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